Scientists are zapping clouds with electricity to make rain | CNN (2024)

Scientists are zapping clouds with electricity to make rain | CNN (1)

By Stephanie Bailey, CNN

Updated 4:08 AM EDT, Thu May 27, 2021

Scientists are zapping clouds with electricity to make rain | CNN (3)

Drones will give clouds an electrical charge in an attempt to create rainfall.

CNN

With a harsh, desert climate and an average rainfall of just four inches (10 cm) a year, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) needs more freshwater. In search of a solution, it has been funding science projects from around the world to try to make it rain.

One of these projects involves using catapults to launch small unmanned aircraft which zap clouds with an electric charge.

A team of scientists from the University of Reading, in the UK, initially proposed the idea in 2017. Now, the custom-built drones will soon begin tests near Dubai.

The idea is that charging droplets in clouds will make them more likely to fall as rain.

Scientists are zapping clouds with electricity to make rain | CNN (4)

Scroll through to see innovative drones around the world.
Parrot's Parrot Bebop-Pro Thermal drone can provide a live feed identifying heat signatures, such as those given off by a human body, or the hot spots of a burning building. As an inspection tool manually controlled by humans, it can be used by first-responders and in disaster-relief efforts. Read more.

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JEM Internal Ball —

No gravity? No problem. The Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency's JEM Internal Ball was dispatched to the International Space Station in June 2017 to take photos and videos of astronauts at work. If that sounds like vanity, it's estimated ISS occupants spend approximately 10% of their working hours photographing their findings. Read more.

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Ambulance Drone —

Capable of speeds of 100 kmph (62 mph), Delft Technical University's ambulance drone prototype carries a defibrillator which can be dispatched for use in the event of a heart attack. Read more.

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Plan Bee —

Honeybee decline is a worrying issue, integral as they are to pollination. Industrial design major Anna Haldewang has developed a drone called Plan Bee, which mimics the action of a bee, sucking pollen from one plant and expelling it onto others to enable cross-pollination. Read more.

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DP Cargospeed —

A rendering of a DP Cargospeed route with drones and trucks working within the supply chain. Drone delivery services are taking off in Dubai, and are just one way drones are becoming integrated into everyday life.

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The Little Ripper UAV —

In January 2018 in New South Wales, Australia, the Little Ripper UAV proved vital in rescuing two men caught in rough surf. Lifeguards used the drone to drop an inflatable life preserver in minutes, which the swimmers clung on to to make it to shore. Read more.

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Airdog ADII —

In extreme sports, headcams are so passé. The Airdog ADII drone will follow riders on snow, water, dirt track -- wherever -- using a GPS-enabled wristband capturing aerial shots while you make your aerial moves. Read more.

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Volocopter —

Dubai is a playground for future transport prototypes. The 18-rotor autonomous Volocopter was trialled in the emirate in 2017 and reportedly has a flight time of 30 minutes and cruising speed of 30 mph -- enough to get you from the airport to the Burj Al Arab with time to spare. Read more.

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Amazon Prime Air —

Amazon has been making significant headway in drone deliveries, with the first drop in the UK occurring in 2016. In 2017 a patent application emerged showing details of a system for safe air drop in back yards -- even involving tiny parachutes. Read more.

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UPS —

Amazon isn't the only delivery company dipping into drones. UPS demonstrated a human-drone tag team system with integrated storage and launch facilities built into one of their iconic brown vans. Read more.

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SkyDrive —

Still in development, the SkyDrive from the Cartivator Project, a Tokyo non-profit, hopes to play a key part in the 2020 Olympic Games. With three wheels and four rotors, the car-drone hybrid will hopefully be the vehicle of choice for the lucky individual tasked with lighting the Olympic flame. Read More.

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Zipline —

Drone medication delivery in the developing world is an increasingly hot topic. Rwanda has embraced the technology and approved the world's first drone port, while manufacturer Zipline is working with the Ministry of Health to supply pockets of the country with much-needed items -- starting with blood. Read more.

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Flirtey —

In Virginia, 2015, an Australian-made Flirtey drone was approved to supplying a rural pop-up clinic with medication. Read more.

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Hubsan X4 —

Drone racing is a big deal. It has its own series -- the Drone Racing League -- featured on ESPN, and is a fast-growing sport. The Hubsan X4 has a point-of-view camera and some nifty moves. Read more.

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Workhorse SureFly —

With eight rotors and two seats, the SureFly is one of the larger drone taxi prototypes out there. Touted as a replacement for the helicopter, its makers aim for a competitive target price of $200,000. Watch more.

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GimBall —

The GimBall won the $1 million first prize in the 2015 "Drones for Good" competition. It is designed to access hard-to-reach areas such as burning buildings and nuclear disaster sites. Its robust outer structure means it is the first "collision-tolerant" drone in the world, according to is creators -- Swiss company Flyability. Read more.

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Raining beer —

An ill-feted venture in Minnesota saw ice fishers and local brewers rebuked for using drones to deliver beer cases in 2014. Beer company Lakemaid ran afoul of the Federal Aviation Administration because flying drones for commercial purposes at 400 feet or higher was against the law. Stock up on dry land next time, guys. Read more.

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Aerix Aerius —

Manufacturers once boasted of drones that could fit in the palm of your hand. The Aerix Aerius takes that claim to new levels with this, the world's smallest quadcopter at just 1.2-inches wide. Ok, so it might not change your life, but other small drones, like the PD-100 Black Hornet, used by the US military, could. Read more.

Blade Nano QX —

The Blade Nano QX is small by name, small in nature. Without a camera it's one for drone puritans and like Mihir Garimella's Google Science Fair-winning invention, is well equipped to avoid obstacles mid-flight. Read more.

How drones are changing lives

“There’s been a lot of speculation about what charge might do to cloud droplets, but there’s been very little practical and detailed investigation,” says Keri Nicoll, one of the core investigators on the project. The aim is to determine if the technology can increase rainfall rates in water-stressed regions.

Nicoll’s team started by modelling the behavior of clouds. They found that when cloud droplets have a positive or negative electrical charge, the smaller droplets are more likely to merge and grow to become big raindrops.

The size of the raindrops is important, says Nicoll, because in places like the UAE which has high clouds and high temperatures, droplets often evaporate as they fall.

“What we are trying to do is to make the droplets inside the clouds big enough so that when they fall out of the cloud, they survive down to the surface,” says Nicoll.

The proposal was chosen to receive a $1.5 million grant distributed over three years by the UAE Research Program for Rain Enhancement Science, an initiative run by the National Center of Meteorology.
Read: An Israeli cowboy hopes cattle-herding drones will modernize the livestock industry

To test out the model, Nicoll and her team built four aircraft with a wingspan of two meters. These are launched from a catapult, have a full autopilot system, and can fly for around 40 minutes.

Each aircraft has sensors for measuring temperature, charge, and humidity, as well as charge emitters – the part that does the zapping – that were developed with the University of Bath in the UK.

Scientists are zapping clouds with electricity to make rain | CNN (23)

The unmanned aircraft carry sensors and charge emitters.

So far, testing has been conducted in the UK and Finland, and ground-based measurements of cloud properties taken in the UAE. The research has been published in the Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology.

Because the pandemic meant Nicoll’s team couldn’t travel to the UAE, they have trained operators from a flight school in Dubai to use their aircraft. They’re now waiting for the right weather conditions to complete the tests.

Cloud seeding

As climate change alters weather patterns, causing severe droughts in some places and floods in others, there is a growing interest in how to control the weather. According to the World Wildlife Fund, two thirds of the world’s population may face water shortages by 2025.

While the University of Reading project is coming to an end this year, Nicoll wants future projects to combine charging clouds with cloud seeding – an existing weather modification technique where drones inject particles of silver iodide or salt into clouds to encourage them to rain or snow.

Nicoll says using charged salt particles could make cloud seeding more efficient.

Alya Al Mazroui, director of the UAE Research Program for Rain Enhancement Science, says the organization is already experimenting with cloud seeding. “An increasing number of countries have invested in weather modification research and applications, particularly those in arid regions such as the UAE,” she says.

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Water scarcity —

Earth's surface is 71 percent water, but the Middle East and North Africa have access to barely any of it. The region is the most water-scarce in the world, home to just one percent of the world's freshwater resources.

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Groundwater —

Countries in the region are withdrawing water from underground reservoirs faster than it can be replenished. This is mainly to irrigate farmland: agriculture accounts for nearly 80% of water usage in MENA, according to a report from the World Bank.

Pictured here: Crop circles in Saudi Arabia draw on groundwater for irrigation.

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Groundwater —

Libya relies on its subterranean aquifers. Since 1991, the Great Man-Made River -- a network of underground pipes -- has carried groundwater from southern Libya to places like the Ajdabiya reservoir, pictured here, on the northern coast.

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Desalination —

To overcome water scarcity and meet increasing demand, MENA countries have long been producing their own water. A popular method is to separate salt from seawater in a process called desalination. Approximately 75% of worldwide desalinated water is produced in MENA, at plants like this one in Tel Aviv, Israel.

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Desalination —

MENA accounts for nearly half of the world's desalination capacity, according to World Bank calculations, making it the largest desalination market in the world. Desalination is widely practiced in the oil-rich nations of the Gulf, at plants like this one in Qatar.

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Desalination —

According to the International Desalination Association, more than 300 million people around the world rely on desalinated water for their everyday needs.

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Desalination —

But desalination in the Middle East has a significant environmental cost because it relies on energy-intensive thermal desalination plants. Waste left over from the process is often discharged into the sea and can damage marine ecosystems. Here, discharge from a plant in Kuwait flows into the Persian Gulf.

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Wastewater treatment —

Another nonconventional water resource is treated wastewater. Wastewater is typically recycled at treatment plants, like this one in Jordan, for use in irrigation.

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Wastewater treatment —

Physical, chemical and biological processes are used to remove contaminants from wastewater.

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Wastewater treatment —

However, according to a World Bank report, 57 percent of the wastewater collected in MENA is returned to the environment untreated.

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Cloud seeding —

The United Arab Emirates has invested in another solution to tackle the water problem -- rainfall-enhancing technology called cloud seeding. During cloud seeding missions, aircraft eject salt crystals from flares mounted on their wings to stimulate condensation and the growth of water droplets.

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Cloud seeding —

The UAE conducted 242 cloud seeding missions in 2017, the National Center of Meteorology and Seismology told CNN.

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Cloud seeding —

"Rain enhancement has the potential to offer a more cost effective, sustainable and much less environmentally damaging option than other solutions, such as desalination," Alya Al Mazroui, Director of the UAE Research Program for Rain Enhancement Science told CNN. The salts used for seeding are "no more toxic than table salts," she added.

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Rainwater harvesting —

Rainwater harvesting is another low-cost solution in the region whereby rainwater runoff is collected, filtered and stored for use. Such measures have been used for millennia in the region, according to the World Bank. Tanks and cisterns -- such as this one in Yemen -- provide important supply sources for many rural and urban communities.

The Middle East and North Africa's battle against water scarcity

The UAE conducted 242 cloud seeding missions in 2017, according to the National Center of Meteorology. In 2018, Al Mazroui told CNN that rain enhancement could offer a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution to water security than alternatives like desalination, where salt is removed from seawater. The UAE has one of the largest desalination operations in the world, with huge quantities of brine produced as a byproduct. But discharging brine into the sea can harm marine life.

Other countries that have heavily invested in cloud seeding include the US and China. The latter announced last December that it would expand its weather modification program to cover an area of over 5.5 million square kilometers.

MBRSC The UAE has successfully launched the Arab world's first Mars mission

While cloud seeding as a concept has been around for decades, there has been little research showing its effectiveness. One study funded by the US National Science Foundation in early 2020 found that seeding with silver iodide could increase snowfall.

But there are questions over whether seeding clouds in one location might take rain away from another location, and the long-term environmental impacts of silver iodide. The process is also very expensive.

“There’s still a long way to go to definitively see how effective cloud seeding weather modification is at enhancing rainfall,” says Nicoll.

But we may soon be one step closer to finding out how effective cloud zapping can be.

Scientists are zapping clouds with electricity to make rain | CNN (2024)

FAQs

Which country has artificial rain? ›

Cloud seeding is also referred to as man made precipitation and artificial rain making. The United Arab Emirates is one of the first countries in the Arabian Gulf region to use cloud seeding technology.

Is there a way to make it rain? ›

With cloud seeding, small particles of silver iodide, a salt with a crystalline structure similar to that of ice, are added to clouds. This process can be performed either from a plane or drone, or particles can be shot up from the ground.

How much does cloud seeding cost? ›

As soon as likely cloud formations appear, we go out there. We seed whenever we get the chance.” During an average four-hour operation, up to 24 clouds can be seeded at a cost of around $5,000.

How do drones make rain? ›

The unmanned drones sent pulses of electricity into the clouds to make the water droplets merge and stick together, "like dry hair to a comb," according to Maarten Ambaum, who worked on the project.

What are the disadvantages of cloud seeding? ›

While we don't know specifically if cloud seeding poses a threat, some experts believe that it could lead to silver toxicity and environmental concerns if the practice becomes common on a much larger scale. Similarly, people worry that cloud seeding could throw off earth's natural balance of moisture.

Why it doesn t rain in Dubai? ›

The climate of Dubai is warm and sunny due to its position near the line of the Tropic of Cancer.

Can rain be made artificially? ›

Cloud seeding is also referred to as man made precipitation and artificial rain making. The United Arab Emirates is one of the first countries in the Arabian Gulf region to use cloud seeding technology.

Who invented cloud seeding? ›

Modern-day cloud seeding was launched in the lab of noted surface scientist Irving Langmuir at General Electric in 1946. His colleagues Vincent Schaefer and Bernard Vonnegut, brother of author Kurt, discovered that silver iodide could transform supercooled water vapor into ice crystals at temperatures of –10 to –5 °C.

How does God make it rain? ›

There had to be a solid barrier above the sky which kept the water from falling. So how did it rain? It rained through small openings in the barrier. This construction is described very explicitly in Genesis 1:6-7 as being God's major effort on the second day of creation.

What chemical is used for cloud seeding? ›

Most cloud seeding operations, including those run by DRI, use a compound called silver iodide (AgI) to aid in the formation of ice crystals. Silver iodide exists naturally in the environment at low concentrations, and is not known to be harmful to humans or wildlife.

Is silver iodide harmful? ›

"silver iodide is toxic and must be handled with care."

Why is the sky not blue in Dubai? ›

Blue skies

In Dubai, the sky has a yellowish, sandy color on most days. With all the dust, sand and humidity blowing up in the air every morning, sometimes it is hard to remember that the actual color of the sky should be blue.

How does Dubai make money? ›

Its economy is vibrant and diverse and generates revenue in various ways. It includes manufacturing, providing services, and tourism. So, unlike its neighbors, whose economies rely on oil, Dubai has a diversified economic base resting on finance, trade, transportation, tourism, oil, and technology industries.

Where does Dubai get its water from? ›

The city relies primarily on desalinated seawater for the water supply. There are two central desalination plants in Dubai — one in Jebel Ali and the other in Al Kaffah. These two plants account for 80 percent of the city's water needs. Dubai has turned into a global business hub in the past century.

Why cloud seeding is not done in India? ›

Certain areas in India like in rural Maharashtra, rain clouds moves away due to winds and other atmospheric disturbances. Hence, the process of cloud seeding wont work. Would making it rain in California artificially be bad or good for the environment over all?

What are the effects of artificial rain? ›

Artificial rain works via a process called cloud seeding, during which chemicals are injected into the Earth's atmosphere to mimic the composition of clouds. This then leads to precipitation in the form of rain or snow, thus cleansing the air and ridding it of excessive levels of contamination.

Can cloud seeding be used to reduce rain? ›

A long-term and well-designed cloud seeding program can potentially soften the impact of drought, however, since increased precipitation before and after drought would temper the reduction of rainfall during the drought period. Cloud seeding should be utilized as a long-term water resource management tool.

Has it ever snowed in Dubai? ›

Dubai rarely experiences snowfall as temperatures never drop into single-digit figures, even in the coldest of winter months. However, Ras Al Khaimah, a city near Dubai, sometimes experiences snow in mid-January.

When should you avoid Dubai? ›

April to October : The temperatures begin to rise by April and May and during peak summers, even start hitting the late forties. Summer months in Dubai are really, really hot and humid, making it almost impossible to explore the outdoors.

What is the highest temperature ever recorded? ›

What is the hottest temperature ever recorded on Earth? The highest temperature on record belongs to California's Death Valley which, in 1913, reached a temperature of 134 degrees Fahrenheit, or 56.7 degrees Celsius, Al Jazeera reports.

What chemical is used to make rain? ›

It's called silver iodide, and it mimics the structure of a natural ice crystal, so it's the perfect particle to attract water molecules and jumpstart precipitation. In fact, most cloud seeding operations today still use silver iodide.

How much does it cost for artificial rain? ›

The researchers report that in ideal conditions, seeding increased winter precipitation by 5 to 15 percent. A cloud seeding program in the region could cost $27 to $214 per acre-foot of water in a low cost scenario and $53 to $427 per acre-foot in a high-cost scenario.

How cloud seeding is done? ›

Cloud seeding is usually carried out by sprinkling particles from a plane. Using weather forecasting techniques, suitable clouds are identified based on the location of the target area and the prevailing winds. Given the appropriate conditions, cloud seeding can modify clouds and induce rain.

When was the first cloud seeding? ›

Cloud seeding as we know it today got its start in 1946 when Dr. Vincent J. Schaefer, working at the General Electric Laboratory in New York, was involved with research to create artificial clouds in a chilled chamber.

When was the first cloud seeding done? ›

In 1946, Schaefer conducted the first true cloud seeding experiment by aircraft. He dropped 6 pounds of crushed dry ice into a cloud in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. Almost immediately, snow began to fall.

What is God doing when it thunders? ›

Lightning as poetic expressions of God's presence and power.

In addition to literal events, lightning is also used in the Bible to poetically symbolize God's swift power, mighty presence, and sovereign will over all His creation. He unleashes His lightning beneath the whole heaven and sends it to the ends of the earth.

What is it called when it rains for 40 days and 40 nights? ›

But what if it rained non-stop for 40 days? Well, 15 July is St Swithin's Day. It takes place each year, and according to traditional folklore, whatever the weather is like on St Swithin's Day - whether rain or sunshine - it will continue for the next 40 days and 40 nights.

Is South Africa cloud seeding? ›

A new method of seeding convective clouds for the purpose of augmenting rainfall is being developed in South Africa. Flares that produce small salt particles (0.5-μm mean diameter) are attached to the trailing edge of the wings of seeding aircraft and ignited in updrafts below the cloud base of convective storms.

What happens when silver iodide is sprayed on clouds? ›

Yes, it is possible to cause artificial rain by spraying silver iodide on the clouds. Clouds are colloidal in nature and carry charge. Spray of silver iodide, an electrolyte, results in coagulation leading to rain.

What does silver iodine do to your body? ›

Chronic: Chronic inhalation or ingestion of silver salts may cause argyria characterized by a permanent blue-gray discoloration of the eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs. This malady results from the accumulation of silver in the body.

What does silver iodide smell like? ›

The compound is a bright yellow solid, but samples almost always contain impurities of metallic silver that give a gray coloration.
...
Silver iodide.
Names
Odorodorless
Density5.675 g/cm3, solid
Melting point558 °C (1,036 °F; 831 K)
Boiling point1,506 °C (2,743 °F; 1,779 K)
36 more rows

Is silver iodide a carcinogen? ›

Toxicity: Carcinogen status - none insoluble silver salts are considered non-irritating and relatively non-toxic.

Why isn't cloud seeding used for wildfires? ›

"Even when you do have a cloud to seed, the cloud contains all this ash; very, very tiny particles, so it's hard to put enough material into the cloud to get them turned around to get them large enough to form drops to get them on the ground," said Woodley. It's wind that makes wildfires the most destructive.

Why doesn t it rain in California anymore? ›

Think of it as the Pretty Dry Oscillation – the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The official name means Pacific (a Pacific Ocean pattern) Decadal (it lasts more than 10 years) Oscillation (it goes back and forth). It is why California is stuck in a drought. It's as simple as hot and cold.

Can cloud seeding help wildfires? ›

Cloud seeding sounds like science fiction, but it may become a useful tool to combat drought and lessen the risk of wildfires.

How much is it to eat in the sky in Dubai? ›

The breathtaking view of Dubai's skyline and the luxurious menu on board the Dinner in the Sky in Dubai costs between $ 142 – $ 199 depending on the day of the week and the meal. Dinner in the Sky is cheaper on weekdays than on weekends.

Why are there no waves in Dubai? ›

There used to be waves along the whole coast of Dubai and you could pretty much surf anywhere and you'd have different breaks. But because they built the World Islands and the Palm islands, they've pretty much blocked all the surf.

Which country has the most blue sky? ›

As one of the highest countries in the world, Mongolia is subjected to extreme continental weather conditions consisting of short, sweltering summers and long, frigid winters. Known by legend as the 'Land of the Blue Sky, the Mongolian sky is cloudless for more than two thirds of the year.

Is the average person in Dubai rich? ›

The average person living in the UAE has net assets of approximately US$99,000 (wealth per capita). This is well above the worldwide average. There are approximately 88,700 HNWIs living in the UAE, each with net assets of US$1 million or more.

Why do millionaires live in Dubai? ›

Dubai has witnessed an influx of millionaires and billionaires in the past year, mainly owing to the successful handling of the Covid-19 pandemic, strengthening confidence among the elites around the world in the emirate's healthcare sector and the quality of life it provides to residents.

What's the average salary in Dubai? ›

The average salary in Dubai is 2,58,000 AED per year (70,280 USD as per exchange rates in 2021).
...
CityAverage Salary (per month)
Abu Dhabi21,000 AED
Sharjah20,400 AED
Al Ain19,800 AED
Ajman19,300 AED
1 more row
6 Aug 2021

Why can't we filter ocean water? ›

The problem is that the desalination of water requires a lot of energy. Salt dissolves very easily in water, forming strong chemical bonds, and those bonds are difficult to break. Energy and the technology to desalinate water are both expensive, and this means that desalinating water can be pretty costly.

Can you flush toilet paper in Dubai? ›

Many plumbing issues in Dubai come down to blocked toilets, with most problems being easily solved. Always remember that only bodily waste and toilet paper can be flushed down the toilet, and if you flush anything more substantial than that you will find yourself having to call a Dubai plumber sooner rather than later.

Can I drink Dubai tap water? ›

The Emirates Authority for Standardization and Authorization defines tap water in UAE be safe for human consumption as long as it complies with the UAE. S GSO 149 code. DEWA-Dubai Electricity and Water Authorities makes sure that the water is completely safe.

Is there a country that always rains? ›

What is the Wettest Country on Earth? The wettest country on Earth is Colombia. Colombia has the world's highest precipitation rate, estimated at 3,240 millimeters per year (127 inches). Due to frequent and intense rainfall, several portions of the state are permanently flooded.

Can there be artificial rain? ›

It is possible to cause artificial rain by throwing electrified sand or silver iodide from an aeroplane and thus, coagulation the mist hanging in air. AgI helps in artificial rain because : Q. The clouds consists of charged particles of water dispersed in air.

Who invented artificial rain? ›

Vincent J. Schaefer, a self-taught chemist who invented cloud "seeding" and created the first artificially induced snow and rainfall, died on Sunday at a hospital in Schenectady, N.Y. He was 87 and lived in Rotterdam, N.Y.

What countries does rain shadow effect? ›

The Tibetan Plateau, a rain shadow in Tibet, China, and India has the enormous Himalaya mountain range to thank for its dry climate. Death Valley faces a double-whammy of being located in the rain shadow of the Pacific Coast Range AND the Sierra Nevada.

Is there a place on Earth that never stops raining? ›

For years, two villages have claimed the title as the wettest place on earth. Mawsynram and Cherrapunji are just 10 miles apart, but Mawsynram beats its competitor by a mere 4 inches of rainfall. Although it doesn't rain all day in Meghalaya, it does rain every day, Chapple told weather.com.

What is the rainiest city on earth? ›

The wettest city in the world is Buenaventura, where it rains 258 days per year. Australia's rainiest city is Cairns in Queensland, with 117 days of precipitation. The UK's wettest city is Londonderry in Northern Ireland (147 days). The wettest city in the US is Hilo, Hawaii (211 days).

What is the rainiest city in the US? ›

The wettest city in the U.S. is Hilo, Hawaii, where it rains 211 days a year. Interestingly, Hilo gets between 10 and 40 times as much rain as some other parts of the Big Island. It also rains and snows a lot in Alaska. Sitka gets about 86 inches of precipitation a year over a whopping 173 days.

Is radioactive rain real? ›

In fact, radioactive rain is not a new health threat or evidence of a cover-up by the nuclear industry, but rather is indicative of just how many naturally occurring radioactive particles there are in Earth's atmosphere. In particular, there is a large amount of uranium present in soil and rock, he said.

What are the disadvantages of artificial rain? ›

Among many disadvantages of artificial rain is the only natural limitation, requirement of clouds. Unless there are clouds to shower with precipitation boosters, the technique cannot work. For days with a clear sky, the whole process fails as the artificial method cannot act as the natural cloud.

What does silver iodide do to the human body? ›

May cause eye and skin irritation. May cause respiratory and digestive tract irritation. Light sensitive. May cause reproductive and fetal effects.

How toxic is silver iodide? ›

Iodine in AgI poses no environmental danger. Organic seeding agents currently being proposed are not likely to be toxic in either the short or the long run, but dispersal of proprietary organic compounds should be prohibited unless their composition is fully revealed.

What is the opposite side of a rain shadow called? ›

A rain shadow region is the leeward side which is opposite to the windward side.

Why does it rain more in hilly areas? ›

Mountains can have a significant effect on rainfall. When air reaches the mountains, it is forced to rise over this barrier. As the air moves up the windward side of a mountain, it cools, and the volume decreases. As a result, humidity increases and orographic clouds and precipitation can develop.

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