ACCA AA Notes: B4c. Key ratios used in analytical procedures | aCOWtancy Textbook (2024)

Key ratios used in analytical procedures

The financial ratios used by the auditor will fall into 3 general categories:

Profitability/Return

Gross Margin
Net Margin
ROCE

Liquidity/Efficiency

Receivables/Payables/Inventory Days
Current Ratio
Quick Ratio

Gearing

Financial Gearing
Operational Gearing

ROCE

Profit Before Interest and Tax
_______________________________________________________
Total Assets – Current Liabilities (Capital Employed)

ROE

Profit after tax – preference dividends
_______________________________________
Equity shareholders funds

Gross Margin

Gross profit
______________
Revenue

Operating Margin

Profit before interest and tax
________________________________
Revenue

Current Ratio

Current Assets
_________________
Current Liabilities

Quick Ratio

Current Assets – Inventories
_____________________________
Current Liabilities

Inventory Days

Closing (or average) Inventory
__________________________________ x 365
COS

Receivable Days

Trade Receivables
______________________ x 365
Credit Sales

Payable Days

Trade Payables
____________________ x 365
Credit Purchases

Gearing

Debt
______________
Debt + Equity

OR

Debt
_______
Equity

Interest Cover

Profit before Interest and Tax (PBIT)
___________________________________
Interest payable

ACCA AA Notes: B4c. Key ratios used in analytical procedures | aCOWtancy Textbook (2024)

FAQs

What is the ideal current ratio for ACCA? ›

Current ratio

For a company to be able to safely meet its liabilities it should probably exceed 2:1, however, acceptable current ratios vary between industry sectors, and many companies operate safely at below the 2:1 level.

What are analytical procedures in AA? ›

How to perform Analytical Procedures
  • Predict a figure, based on a relationship. Eg. ...
  • Define what a significant difference is. We call this the threshold below which we see any difference as just a tolerable 'error'
  • Calculate the procedure and the difference to the prediction in step 1.
  • Investigate the difference.

What are some of the ratios that can be used in preliminary analytical procedures? ›

Key ratios used in analytical procedures
  • Profitability/Return. Gross Margin. Net Margin. ROCE.
  • Liquidity/Efficiency. Receivables/Payables/Inventory Days. Current Ratio. Quick Ratio.
  • Gearing. Financial Gearing. Operational Gearing.

What is ratio analysis in audit analytical procedure? ›

Ratio analysis – the comparison, across time or to a benchmark, of relationships between financial statement accounts and between an account and non-financial data.

What are the 5 ratios in ratio analysis? ›

5 Essential Financial Ratios for Every Business. The common financial ratios every business should track are 1) liquidity ratios 2) leverage ratios 3)efficiency ratio 4) profitability ratios and 5) market value ratios.

What are the ratios for Analysing financial statements? ›

The four key financial ratios used to analyse profitability are:
  • Net profit margin = net income divided by sales.
  • Return on total assets = net income divided by assets.
  • Basic earning power = EBIT divided by total assets.
  • Return on equity = net income divided by common equity.

What are the 7 audit assertions? ›

These include assertions of accuracy and valuation, existence, completeness, rights and obligations, and presentation and disclosure. More details on each of these assertions are listed below.

What are the 7 audit procedures? ›

Obtaining Evidence
  • Inspection;
  • Observation;
  • Confirmation;
  • Recalculation;
  • Reperformance;
  • Analytical procedures; and.
  • Inquiry.

What are the five major types of analytical procedures in auditing? ›

These are the five types of testing methods used during audits.
  • Inquiry.
  • Observation.
  • Examination or Inspection of Evidence.
  • Re-performance.
  • Computer Assisted Audit Technique (CAAT)
Aug 9, 2022

What are the 7 types of ratio analysis? ›

Different Types of Ratio Analysis
  • Quick ratio. Quick ratio or acid test ratio is a measure of the company's ability to pay its short-term liabilities with quick assets. ...
  • Net profit margin. ...
  • Return on capital employed (RoCE) ...
  • Return on equity (RoE) ...
  • Return on assets (RoA) ...
  • Price to book value (P/B) ...
  • Dividend yield.
Oct 24, 2023

What is the most commonly used ratio analysis? ›

These are the most commonly used ratios in fundamental analysis. They include dividend yield, P/E ratio, earnings per share (EPS), and dividend payout ratio. Investors use these metrics to predict earnings and future performance.

What is the most important ratio analysis? ›

Return on equity ratio

This is one of the most important financial ratios for calculating profit, looking at a company's net earnings minus dividends and dividing this figure by shareholders equity. The result tells you about a company's overall profitability, and can also be referred to as return on net worth.

What is ideal current ratio in accounting? ›

A good current ratio is between 1.2 to 2, which means that the business has 2 times more current assets than liabilities to covers its debts. A current ratio below 1 means that the company doesn't have enough liquid assets to cover its short-term liabilities.

What is considered ideal current ratio? ›

A current ratio of 2:1 is considered ideal in many cases. This means that the current assets can cover the current liabilities two times over.

Is a current ratio of 0.75 good? ›

As a general rule, a current ratio below 1.00 could indicate that a company might struggle to meet its short-term obligations, whereas ratios of above 1.00 might indicate a company is able to pay its current debts as they come due.

Is 2.5 a good current ratio? ›

The current ratio for Company ABC is 2.5, which means that it has 2.5 times its liabilities in assets and can currently meet its financial obligations Any current ratio over 2 is considered 'good' by most accounts.

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